The notion of Liquidity Preference has become generally used in the literature on Keynesian monetary economics. Highly liquid with If the speculative or the precautionary motive leads to people hold liquid in high level, It induces persistent or chronic stagnation. If marginal utility of Money is positive, it will be a measure for the monetary stagnation. In this paper, the stagnation of Iran’s economy is examined by using Endogenous Growth Model and dynamic optimization approach with relative risk aversion assumption. In the first step, we estimate real interest rate and elasticity of the consumption and elasticity of the money as variables that have main roles in the final model. In the second step, coefficients of the money and consumption in the utility function are estimated during 1975- 2013 with using Generalized Method of Movement ((GMM)). The results find the evidence that confirms the Keynesian monetary stagnation. However, change in the definition of money from Fiat Money and Credit to Electronic Money influence on the result.

In this research, in order to investigate the effect of the piezoelectric patch which is used as a sensor or actuator in rotating flexible structures such as a helicopter blade, the free vibrations of the rotating rectangular sheet with and without the piezoelectric patch have been presented. First-order shear deformation theory is considered for plate displacement and piezoelectric field. Considering the effect of Coriolis acceleration, centrifugal acceleration and centrifugal in-plane forces, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle and the electromechanical couple equation is obtained from Maxwell's equation. For piezoelectric, two electrical conditions, open circuit and closed circuit, which are used in sensors and actuators, respectively, have been considered. The equations are discretized with the help of the numerical Method of Generalized differential squares and the matrices of inertia mass, eccentricity, Coriolis and stiffness matrix are obtained. Natural frequency values for beam and rotating plate have been compared in Abaqus software. Also, the values obtained from the numerical solution in MATLAB have been verified with articles and ABAQUS, which have high accuracy. The effect of parameters such as hub radius, rotation speed, sheet thickness, aspect ratio, piezoelectric patch thickness and applied voltage on the natural frequency of the system has also been investigated.

Inflation constitutes a significant economic challenge for both citizens and policymakers. A crucial step towards mitigating inflationary pressures and enhancing purchasing power lies in identifying the underlying causes and mechanisms. This study investigates the impact of various factors on inflation dynamics in the Iranian economy, including adaptive and rational expectations, liquidity growth, demand shocks, exchange rate shocks, and government budget deficits. By examining these factors within the framework of established inflation theories, the study aims to inform more effective inflation control and management policies. Employing the Generalized Method of Moments ((GMM)) and utilizing time series data spanning 1973-2022, the study finds that exchange rate shocks, liquidity growth, and government budget deficits exert the most significant influence on inflation rates in the Iranian economy. Based on these findings, policy recommendations include: reforming foreign exchange policies, adjusting the exchange rate system, controlling liquidity growth, restructuring government finances, and implementing appropriate contractionary monetary and fiscal policies.

Management earnings forecast is one of the most important information resources in capital markets. The literature suggests managerial overconfidence is an effecting factors on the earnings forecasts’ accuracy. Because of users' relying to forecasted information, examination of the bias's effects on forecasts' accuracy is important. By using a new managerial overconfidence assessment model and Generalized Method of Moments ((GMM)) regression analysis, the paper examines this managerial bias’ s effect on management earnings forecasts’ error in the firms that have listed at Tehran Securities Exchange (TSE) during the period from year 2007 to year 2016. The results show Chief Executive Officers’ overconfidence has a significant positive effect on earnings forecasts’ error, how overconfident Chief Executive Officers overestimate earnings forecasted above than actual earnings. This finding is consistent with recent researches’ ones and suggests information's users should be aware of Chief Executive Officers' overconfidence's negative effects on reliability of managerial forecasted information.

Introduction: Given the importance of milk both in the production sector (due to job creation and income generation for activists in this field) and in demand and consumption (due to its impact on public health, etc. ) one of the important goals of government policy in the agricultural sector can be to increase the supply and demand of milk. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of economic factors affecting milk supply in Iran based on the data collected from the provinces. The research model was estimated using the panel data approach in the form of Generalized Method of moments. Findings: According to the results of model estimation, milk supply in Iran is positively affected by the number of livestock and negatively affected by the cost of livestock inputs. Also, with a one-year break, milk prices and pasture area have a positive effect and meat prices have a negative effect on milk supply. Conclusion: Breeding of lactating cattle, price support, use of new animal husbandry technologies and management of livestock grazing are some of the proposed solutions to improve the milk supply in the country.

In recent years, the increasing significance of creative industries has made them a topic of discussion in global economics. This has profound ramifications for the economic structures and employment of societies as the creative industries swiftly emerge as potent engines of economic growth and development. Creative industries utilize the creativity, innovation, skills, and aptitude of individuals to generate employment and have a high expansion potential. Using (GMM) the current study investigates the impact of creative industries on employment in 98 selected countries from 2011 to 2020. The results of this study indicate a positive and statistically significant effect of “creative industries” on employment in our three different models. The coefficient of creative industries in developed countries (0. 3539) is greater than its value in developing countries (0. 2992), as indicated by the results obtained. Consequently, it is anticipated that the influence of artistic, cultural, and creative productions on employment in these nations will be greater than in developing nations. Also, the results has demonstrated that inflation has an adverse effect on employment, while human capital, gross domestic product, investment, and the level of economic openness all have a positive influence on employment.

The emergence of crime is one of the most important challenges as a phenomenon facing today's societies and all societies are confused and disturbed due to crime. Crime slows down the development path and threatens the security of the regions with the weakening of the indicators of social and human capital, the economy and the sovereignty of the people, thereby reducing the arrival of tourists. Tourism, in spite of the positive points of increasing income, creating employment and introducing culture to foreigners and etc., like any other phenomenon, has problems that can be threatened by social and familial values and mass extermination in societies. The success and sustained growth of tourism depends on the proper and consistent operation of several factors that are closely interlinked, one of the most important of which is the safety of tourists for tourism purposes. In this study, given the importance of the subject of crime and tourism, and the mutual opposition of these two variables, in two separate models using the panel data approach and Generalized Method of moments ((GMM)), for the time interval of 2005-2016 and data of provinces of the country were evaluated. First, using the principal component analysis Method (PCA), the variable of the crime rate obtained from the combination of nine indicators of theft and then the research model was estimated. Accordingly, the results of the first model showed the positive impact of tourism on crime rates in the provinces of the country, and the results of the second model showed that by increasing the crime rate, tourism rate is decreased.

While a great number of researches have focused on identifying the factors affecting carbon emissions, the role of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on environmental quality has been less studied in the energy-environment literature. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate how economic policy uncertainty affects CO2 emission in the group of developing countries with the highest levels of pollution. In addition, the moderating effect of economic policy uncertainty on CO2 emissions from renewable and non-renewable energy channels has been studied.  The results show that there is bidirectional causality between economic policy uncertainty and CO2 emissions. Then, a panel data model by the Generalized Method of Moments ((GMM)) is estimated to address the endogeneity problem. We find that increase in economic policy uncertainty has led to higher CO2 emissions. Furthermore, our findings underscore that 1 percent increase in the consumption of renewable energy has led to decrease CO2 emissions by 0.026 percent. In contrast, the consumption of nonrenewable energy has led to increase in CO2 emissions by 0.98 percent. Also, the results show that increase in economic policy uncertainty has led to a reduction in non-renewable energy consumption and thus a reduction in CO2 emissions during the period 2004 to 2020.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of corporate governance system monitoring tools on the financial risk of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample of the study included 127 companies during the period 2011 to 2018. In this study, three variables of credit risk, illiquidity risk and market risk were used as financial risk and the variables of ownership concentration, institutional ownership, board independence and board size were used as monitoring tools of the corporate governance system. Data were analyzed using unit root tests, kao and Generalized Method of moments using Eviews software. The results showed that institutional ownership has a significant effect on financial risks and reduces credit risk and illiquidity risk while increases market risk. The results also showed that the concentration of ownership, independency and size of the board had no significant effect on financial risks.Keywords: Credit Risk and Illiquidity Risk, Market Risk, Corporate Governance

governments worldwide are actively optimizing budget efficiency. This research aims to examine the relationship between government budget deficits and economic growth, emphasizing developed and developing countries, particularly the D8 group, during the period from 2010 to 2021, using the System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-(GMM)). The results show that in developed and developing countries, especially the D8 group, the negative coefficient of the budget deficit on economic growth can be attributed to concerns such as the effect of congestion, high interest rates, or a decrease in trust in the economy due to financial imbalances and support for the neoclassical approach. In addition, there is an almost one-to-one positive effect between past economic growth and the current level of economic growth. However, this research helps to understand the sustainable impact of budget deficits on current economic conditions in developed and developing countries. Regarding the findings, policymakers should consider adopting contraptions that promote sustainable economic growth while exercising caution in budget deficit management.